Vaccinia virus strain

Only a few samples of the new variant have been identified through genetic sequencing. All were recorded in the first weeks after the variant was found.

Since December , only one sample has been found. The new variant was first identified in a vaccinated person who had come back to southern France after traveling to Cameroon. Health officials in Cameroon are monitoring for the new variant, but that does not mean that the variant came from Cameroon or somewhere else in central Africa.

According to a January 7 report on the German news site DW, 11 other people got sick with the variant and all of them were linked to the traveler in whom it was first found. The new variant is getting a lot of media attention because it was spotted in France the same week that the Omicron variant was officially identified there.

Omicron has been surging in France since then, with hundreds of thousands of new cases caused by it being diagnosed each week. Some variants will spread, but not very fast. Other variants become more of a problem because they are easily transmissible, rapid spreaders—like Delta and Omicron. And others just sort of fizzle out. We don't know yet. According to Poland, early data show that the new variant is not spreading very far at the moment—but that could change.

If a new variant is thought to be more dangerous, the WHO labels it as a "variant of concern. However, it has not spread widely over the last few weeks, even though it "has had a lot of chances to pick up. It could also be that the variant has been spreading—it's just not being identified widely.

That could partly be because genetic sequencing is not being done very much. According to Poland, about 20 samples of the new variant have been sequenced so far. Avian Dis. Deletion of the vaccinia virus growth factor gene reduces virus virulence. Decreased virulence of recombinant vaccinia virus expression vectors is associated with a thymidine kinase-negative phenotype.

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Expert Opin Investig Drugs. Distinct gene expression profiling after infection of immature human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by the attenuated poxvirus vectors MVA and NYVAC. Pathogeneses of respiratory infections with virulent and attenuated vaccinia viruses. Virol J. Functional analysis of vaccinia virus B5R protein: essential role in virus envelopment is independent of a large portion of the extracellular domain. Effects of a vaccinia virus expressing IFN-gamma on the post-exposure prophylaxis of a lethal vaccinia virus infection.

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Frequency of adverse events after vaccination with different vaccinia strains. PLoS Med. Suppression of proinflammatory signal transduction and gene expression by the dual nucleic acid binding domains of the vaccinia virus E3L proteins. Efficiency of cross presentation of vaccinia virus-derived antigens by human dendritic cells. Smallpox research activities: U. Emerg Inf Dis. Molecular attenuation of vaccinia virus: mutant generation and animal characterization. Vaccinia viruses with a serpin gene deletion and expressing IFN-gamma induce potent immune responses without detectable replication in vivo.

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Nonetheless, many different vaccinia virus strains have been obtained over the years; some are suitable to be used as vaccines, whereas others are virulent and unsuitable for this purpose. Interestingly, different vaccinia virus strains elicit different immune responses in vivo , and this is a direct result of the genomic differences among strains.

In order to evaluate the net result of virus-encoded immune evasion strategies of vaccinia viruses, we compared antiviral immune responses in mice intranasally infected by the highly attenuated and nonreplicative MVA strain, the attenuated and replicative Lister strain, or the virulent WR strain. On the other hand, MVA infections are able to induce strong T-cell responses in mice, whereas Lister infections consistently induced responses that were intermediary between those induced by WR and MVA.